In Figure, ABC is a right triangle right angled at A. BCED, ACFG and ABMN are squares on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Line segment AX ⊥ DE meets BC at Y. Show that:

(i)Triangle MBC ≅ Triangle ABD

(ii) ar (BYXD) = 2 ar (MBC)
(iii) ar (BYXD) = ar (ABMN)

(iv) Triangle FCB ≅ Triangle ACE
(v) ar (CYXE) = 2 ar (FCB)

(vi) ar (CYXE) = ar (ACFG)
(vii) ar (BCED) = ar (ABMN) + ar (ACFG)

Note : Result (vii) is the famous Theorem of Pythagoras. You shall learn a simpler
proof of this theorem in Class X.

(i) We know that each angle of a square is 90°.

Hence, ∠ABM = ∠DBC = 90º

⇒ ∠ABM + ∠ABC = ∠DBC + ∠ABC

⇒ ∠MBC = ∠ABD

In ΔMBC and ΔABD,

∠MBC = ∠ABD (Proved above)

MB = AB (Sides of square ABMN)

BC = BD (Sides of square BCED)

∴ ΔMBC ≅ ΔABD (SAS congruence rule)

(ii) We have

ΔMBC ≅ ΔABD

⇒ ar (ΔMBC) = ar (ΔABD) ... (1)

It is given that AX ⊥ DE and BD ⊥ DE (Adjacent sides of square

BDEC)

⇒ BD || AX (Two lines perpendicular to same line are parallel to each other)

ΔABD and parallelogram BYXD are on the same base BD and between the same parallels BD and AX.

Area (BYXD) = 2 area (ΔMBC) [Using equation (1)] ... (2)

(iii) ΔMBC and parallelogram ABMN are lying on the same base MB and between same parallels MB and NC.

2 ar (ΔMBC) = ar (ABMN)

ar (BYXD) = ar (ABMN) [Using equation (2)] ... (3)

(iv) We know that each angle of a square is 90°.

∴ ∠FCA = ∠BCE = 90º

⇒ ∠FCA + ∠ACB = ∠BCE + ∠ACB

⇒ ∠FCB = ∠ACE

In ΔFCB and ΔACE,

∠FCB = ∠ACE

FC = AC (Sides of square ACFG)

CB = CE (Sides of square BCED)

ΔFCB ≅ ΔACE (SAS congruence rule)

(v) It is given that AX ⊥ DE and CE ⊥ DE (Adjacent sides of square BDEC)

Hence, CE || AX (Two lines perpendicular to the same line are parallel to each other)

Consider ΔACE and parallelogram CYXE

ΔACE and parallelogram CYXE are on the same base CE and between the same parallels CE and AX.

⇒ ar (CYXE) = 2 ar (ΔACE) ... (4)

We had proved that

∴ ΔFCB ≅ ΔACE

ar (ΔFCB) ≅ ar (ΔACE) ... (5)

On comparing equations (4) and (5), we obtain

ar (CYXE) = 2 ar (ΔFCB) ... (6)

(vi) Consider ΔFCB and parallelogram ACFG

ΔFCB and parallelogram ACFG are lying on the same base CF and between the same parallels CF and BG.

⇒ ar (ACFG) = 2 ar (ΔFCB)

⇒ ar (ACFG) = ar (CYXE) [Using equation (6)] ... (7)

(vii) From the figure, it is evident that

ar (BCED) = ar (BYXD) + ar (CYXE)

⇒ ar (BCED) = ar (ABMN) + ar (ACFG) [Using equations (3) and (7)]