Unit I: Matter-Nature and Behaviour

Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-

melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation,

sublimation.

Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures,

colloids and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of

a mixture).

Particle nature and their basic units: Atoms and molecules, Law of Chemical Combination,

Chemical formula of common compounds, Atomic and molecular masses.

Structure of atoms: Electrons, protons and neutrons, Valency, Atomic Number and Mass Number,

Isotopes and Isobars.

Theme: The World of the Living

Unit II: Organization in the Living World

Cell - Basic Unit of life : Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular

organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria,

vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.

Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:

Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic

and Permanent tissues in plants).

Theme: Moving Things, People and Ideas

Unit III: Motion, Force and Work

Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line;

acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated

motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion.

Force and Newton’s laws : Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces,

Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration.

Gravitation: Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity),

Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.

Floatation: Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.

Work, Energy and Power: Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law

of conservation of energy (excluding commercial unit of Energy).

Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in

humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo.

Theme: Food

Unit IV: Food Production

Plant and animal breeding and selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers

and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.