Explain The Formation Of Covalent Compound: (I) Chlorine Molecules (Ii) Carbon Tetra Chloride (Iii) Ammonia.

4. Two important observations of the reaction are:
   • The mixture produces heat and generates steam, indicating an exothermic reaction.
   • The quicklime dissolves in water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), accompanied by the release of heat and the formation of a milky white suspension.

The type of reaction taking place is a chemical reaction, specifically an exothermic reaction, in which quicklime (calcium oxide) reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) and release heat.

Explanation of the formation of covalent compounds:

(I) Chlorine molecules: Chlorine molecules (Cl2) are formed through the sharing of electrons between two chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom has seven valence electrons and requires one more electron to achieve a stable octet configuration. By sharing one electron from each atom, the two chlorine atoms form a single covalent bond, resulting in the formation of a stable chlorine molecule (Cl2).

(II) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4): Carbon tetrachloride is formed by the sharing of electrons between one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms. Each chlorine atom shares one electron with the carbon atom, resulting in the formation of four single covalent bonds between carbon and chlorine atoms, giving rise to a tetrahedral structure.

(III) Ammonia (NH3): Ammonia is formed through the sharing of electrons between one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the nitrogen atom, resulting in the formation of three single covalent bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, giving rise to a trigonal pyramidal structure.