When and why did India sign the twenty-years ‘Treaty of Peace and Friendship’ with the Soviet Union? 

As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I recognize the significance of historical events for Class 12 students. Let's explore the reasons and context behind India signing the twenty-years 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' with the Soviet Union.

**1. Historical Context

• Post-Independence Era:
  • The 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' between India and the Soviet Union was signed on August 9, 1971.
  • This period marked a crucial phase in India's foreign policy and diplomatic engagements.

**2. Reasons for the Treaty

• Geopolitical Dynamics:

  • India's decision to sign the treaty was influenced by the evolving geopolitical dynamics of the time.
  • The Cold War context played a significant role, with global powers aligning themselves into either the Western or Eastern Bloc.

• India's Non-Alignment Policy:

  • Despite maintaining a policy of non-alignment, India faced regional and global challenges that necessitated strategic alliances.
  • Non-alignment aimed at maintaining independence in foreign policy decisions without aligning with any major power bloc.

**3. The Bangladesh Liberation War (1971)

• Conflict with Pakistan:

  • One of the primary catalysts for the treaty was the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.
  • India found itself in conflict with Pakistan due to the humanitarian crisis and the struggle for the independence of Bangladesh.

• Soviet Support:

  • The Soviet Union extended diplomatic and military support to India during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
  • This support played a crucial role in India's military success and the creation of the independent nation of Bangladesh.

**4. Strengthening Bilateral Relations

• Strategic Partnership:

  • The treaty aimed to formalize and strengthen the strategic partnership between India and the Soviet Union.
  • Both nations sought to enhance cooperation in various fields, including defense, trade, and cultural exchanges.

• Counterbalancing Global Powers:

  • The treaty served as a counterbalance to the influence of Western powers in the region.
  • India, facing security challenges and seeking economic development, found a reliable ally in the Soviet Union.

**5. Economic and Defense Cooperation

• Trade and Economic Assistance:

  • The treaty included provisions for economic and trade cooperation between the two nations.
  • The Soviet Union provided economic assistance and support for India's development projects.

• Military Cooperation:

  • Military cooperation was a significant aspect of the treaty, with the Soviet Union supplying arms and technology to India.
  • This collaboration strengthened India's defense capabilities.

**6. Conclusion: Class 12 Tuition for In-Depth Understanding

• Understanding the 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' is crucial for students studying modern Indian history and foreign policy.
• Class 12 Tuition, especially from platforms like UrbanPro.com, can provide students with expert guidance for a thorough understanding of historical events.

In conclusion, India signed the 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' with the Soviet Union in 1971, driven by the geopolitical context of the Cold War, the Bangladesh Liberation War, and the desire to strengthen bilateral relations. Enrolling in Class 12 Tuition can offer students valuable insights into these historical events with support from tutors on UrbanPro.com.