Sanskrit Alphabets

Vowels:

अ(a) आ(aa) इ(i) ई(ee) उ(u) ऊ(oo) ऋ(r) ॠ(r) लृ(lr) ए(e) ऐ(ai) ओ(o) औ(au)

Anuswaara and Visarga

अं(am) अः(aha)

Consonants:

  Consonants are pronounced in the following way:

1. Guttural (Velar) - Using the back of the tongue against the soft palate. 
2. Palatal - Using the flat of the tongue against the back of the hard palate. 3. Cerebral (Retroflex) - Using the tip of the tongue against the top of the hard palate.
3. Dental - Using the tip of the tongue against the top front teeth.
4. Labial - Using the lips.

• Consonant Group-1: Gutturals : क(ka) ख(kha) ग(ga) घ(gha) ङ(nga)
• Consonant Group-2: Palatals: च(cha) छ(chha) ज(ja) झ(jha) ञ(nja)
• Consonant Group-3 Palatals: ट(ta) ठ(tha) ड(da) ढ(dha) ण(na)
• Consonant Group-4: Dentals: त(ta) थ(tha) द(da) ध(dha) न(na)
• Consonant Group-4: Dentals: प(pa) फ(pha) ब(ba) भ(bha) म(ma)
• Group 6: consists of three subgroups.

1. Semivowels: य(ya) र(ra) ल(la) व(va)
2. Sibilants: श(sha) ष(sha) स(sh)
3. Aspirate: ह(ha), क्ष(Ksha) त्र(tra) ज्ञ(Gna) श्र(Sra)